Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, SWBH NHS trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Foundation trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; AFNET (Kompetenznetz Vorhofflimmern e.V.), Muenster, Germany; Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address: p.kirchhof@bham.ac.uk. AFNET (Kompetenznetz Vorhofflimmern e.V.), Muenster, Germany. Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. Biostatistics Lab, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. AFNET (Kompetenznetz Vorhofflimmern e.V.), Muenster, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St Vincenz-Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany. The Clinical Research Institute, Munich, Germany. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, SWBH NHS trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece.